【校园环境】【最新】中考英语复习重点梳理总结

这篇文章小编给大家总结归纳了中考英语的重要知识点，接下来分享具体内容，希望对同学们有帮助。

1.全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：

1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。

There goes the bell.

Then came the chairman.

Here is your letter.

2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。

Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.

Ahead sat an old woman.

2.部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。

Never have I seen such a performance.

Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.

Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。

1.独立主格与状语从句的转换

当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。如：

Afterclasswasover(=Classbeingover/Classover),thestudentssoonlefttheclassroom.下课后，学生很快离开了教室。

2.不能省略being(havingbeen)的情形

在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being(或havingbeen)不能省略：

(1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语是代词时。如：

ItbeingSunday,wewenttochurch.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。

(2)在Therebeing+名词的结构中。如：

Therebeingnobus,wehadtogohomeonfoot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。

3.通常不用物主代词或冠词

在“名词(或代词)+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。如：

MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,bookinhand.史密斯先生走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。

比较with的复合结构：MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,withabookinhishand.

4.独立主格结构没有所有格形式

Thechief-editorarriving,webeganthemeeting.主编来了，我们开始开会。

比较动名词复合结构：

Thechief-editor’sarrivingmadeusverysurprised.

5.独立主格的时态问题

独立主格结构作时间或原因状语时，可用完成时，表示该动作发生在谓语之前。如：

Thelistenershavingtakentheirseats,theconcertbegan.听众坐好后，音乐会开始了。

Tomhavingbeenlateoverandover,hisbosswasverydisappointed.由于汤姆一再迟到，他的老板非常失望。

1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：

The person who broke the window must pay for it.

The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：

Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？

Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.

3. whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：

The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.

I know the boy whose father is a professor.

4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：

A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.

Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.

5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：

I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.

Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?

6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.

He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.

7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

This is the house where we lived last year.

The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.

1.以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数，例如：

He goes to school early every morning.

The children are playing outside.

To work hard is necessary for a student.

2.由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：

Both he and I are right.

Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.

但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：

His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.

The poet and writer has come.

3.由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：

In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.

Each man and each woman is asked to help.

4.主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。例

如：

The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.

Nobody but two boys was late for class.

英语句子成分分七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

1.主语：句子的主体，全句述说的对象。回答是“谁”或者“什么”。一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句担当，位于句首。

如：The boy needs a pen.

Smoking is bad for you = To smoke is bad for you

2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态。回答“做(什么)”。由动词或系动词加表语担任，常置于主语后。

如：The train leaves at 6 o’clock.

She is reading.

3.宾语：表示动作的对象。回答做的是“什么”。一般由名词或代词担当，常置于谓语后。

如：He won the game.

He likes playing computer.

注意：

（1）有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物（直接宾语）,一个指人（间接宾语）。

间接宾语一般放在直接宾语前面。

如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)

（2）有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。

如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)

4.表语：用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。一般由名词或形容词担任，置于系动词或be动词之后。

如：He is a student. We are tired.

注意：除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，

（1）表感官的动词: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。

（2）表转变变化的动词: become, get, grow, turn, go等。

（3）表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。

5.定语：对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。

如：The black bike is mine.（形容词）

The boy in blue is Jim.（介词短语）

I have nothing to do today.（动词不定式）

注意：

（1）当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing , anything , everything , something等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语。例如： I tell him something interesting.

（2）不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。

例如：The boys who are in the room are playing games.

6.状语：用以修饰动词、形容词、副词及全句，通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任位置灵活。

（1）修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；

如：I am very sorry.

（2）表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首。

如：In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth.

They are writing English in the classroom.

（3）一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。

如：We often help him.

He is always late for class.

7.补语：补充说明宾语怎么样或干什么,。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。

如：He made me sad.（形容词）

She asks me to take an umbrella.（不定式）

The war made him a soldier.（名词）

I find him at home.（介词短语）

I saw a cat running along the wall.（分词）

8.同位语：通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。

如：Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.

I myself will do the experiment.

She is the oldest among them six.